|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| The existing empirical literature on farmers' use of soil-conserving, runoff-reducing farming practices, while sizable, contains relatively little information on the influence of cost on adoption decisions and on how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package. Such knowledge is important in light of current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals. This paper uses farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit costs of installing seven soil-conserving, runoff-reducing practices obtained from a state cost sharing program to estimate latent demand models for each of these seven practices. All seven exhibit downward sloping demand. Topographical variations... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28609 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| The distinctive nature of environmental quality problems in agriculturean industry based on the extraction of highly variable natural resources under stochastic conditionshas important implications for policy design. First, we examine the source of environmental quality problems and the strength of incentives for resource stewardship that may incidentally induce farmers to protect environmental quality. In turn, we examine environmental policy design under two features that are pervasive in agriculture: (1) heterogeneity caused by resource variability and (2) uncertainty. Next, we examine the effects of interactions between agricultural, environmental, and resource policies. Finally, we review important areas for further research. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28567 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lankoski, Jussi E.; Lichtenberg, Erik; Ollikainen, Markku. |
| Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| There is growing interest in green payments subsidizing conservation measures on working farmland based on the premise that they have positive effects on the environment and agriculture simultaneously without causing international trade distortions. This paper uses a Ricardian land market equilibrium model to examine the impacts of green payments. The analysis shows green payments can worsen ambient pollution damage by subsidizing the expansion of more intensive crop cultivation. Some forms of green can increase cultivation intensity (and thus environmental damage) as well. These adverse effects can be avoided by careful targeting, but such targeting is likely to be quite difficult. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31371 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Smith-Ramirez, Ricardo. |
| Conservation subsidies may be awarded for otherwise profitable projects, in which case they do not improve environmental quality. We show that transaction costs involved in such subsidy programs may induce farmers to reduce the size and scope of conservation projects. An empirical study shows that cost sharing in Maryland has resulted in simpler projects that provide no greater environmental protection. Water quality does not appear to be a goal of cost sharing; farm productivity and political considerations do. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22141 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Scouting is the most widely used integrated pest management (IPM) technique. It has been argued that only independent crop consultants provide unbiased scouting information. In contrast, chemical dealers inflate scouting reports and/or reduce economic thresholds in order to increase pesticide sales while farmers may use excessively low treatment thresholds due to risk aversion and/or overestimation of pest pressure. Since the majority of scouting is done by farmers and chemical dealer employees, it follows that scouting may not be a very effective means of reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. This study applies an implicit demand formulation of the Lichtenberg-Zilberman damage abatement model to data from a survey of Maryland field crop growers to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28600 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Aggarwal, Rimjhim; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Many notable pollution problems occur in industries where production is carried out under vertical coordination arrangements that are characterized by conditions of double moral hazard. In contrast to situations characterized by full information, we show that standard prescriptions of environmental economics do not apply. Imposing a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of pollution does not lead to the first best level of pollution. The equilibrium levels of production and pollution are not independent of which agent is taxed. Making either agent or the industry as a whole financially liable for full environmental damage at the margin similarly does not lead to a first best level of pollution. On the contrary, under conditions of double moral... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28562 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Lynch, Lori. |
| Pest-free status certification is desirable if the demand-side impacts (increased export revenue) and supply-side impacts (lower pest damage and decreased ongoing control costs) exceed the compliance monitoring and eradication costs. Thus, eradication may be optimal without certification. Certification is more likely for regions facing costly treatment requirements (bans) or possessing geographic traits that lower monitoring costs and infestation probabilities than for those exporting higher-valued products. Certification benefits producers but hurts consumers. Thus, political feasibility may be greater if domestic consumption is a small share of the market and if the additional tax burden of certification programs is light. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Invasive species; Pest-free area; Eradication; Sanitary/phytosanitary regulations; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10182 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Parker, Douglas D.; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Nonpoint sources of water pollutants, in particular, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, are increasingly a focus of US water pollution policy. In most cases, agriculture is the largest contributor of these pollutants, in part because, until recently, it has largely remained unregulated. Recently, however, a number of initiatives have targeted nutrient runoff and leaching from animal agriculture. Many states have promulgated new nutrient management regulations stipulating that manure be disposed of in ways that limit runoff and leaching to acceptably low levels. Stricter state regulations have been especially common in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, where excess nutrients have proven particularly problematic (Gollehon et al.). In 2003, the US... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20249 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Ding, Chengri. |
| We investigate conceptually and empirically the role of economic incentives in the primary land allocation in China in recent years. A theoretical analysis demonstrates how recent fiscal and governance reforms give rise to land conversion decisions and long run urban spatial sizes much like those generated by competitive land markets with private land ownership. An econometric investigation of Shanghai and the provinces surrounding it demonstrates the presence of rent gradients, often used as an indication of the presence of land markets. It thus appears that economic forces have continued to exercise dominant influence over primary land allocations in spite of recent administrative restrictions on land conversion. These rent gradients are strongest in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R5; R14; H11; O18. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6834 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but those policies may expand the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. The estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. The impacts of these regulations on sprawl are modest, however, increasing urbanized area by less than one percent in response to a one percent increase in any of these three forms of regulation. Thus, while there does seem to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; R52; R14. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37812 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
|
|
|
